According to § 91.103 Preflight action, pilots must be familiar with a lot of information prior to flying.

NWKRAFT is an easy way to remember the important items:

NOTAMS: Are there any Runway oror Taxiway closures that could impact my flight? Are there required lighting out of service that I need?
Reference: FAA NOTAMs

Weather: Is the weather within my airplane and personal limits for the departure, enroute, and desitation?
Reference: Aviation Weather

Known ATC Delays: Are there runway delays that could impact my flight?
Reference: NAS Status

Runways: Are the runways sufficient for my airplane today?
Reference: Airport Diagrams

Alternate(s): What alternate(s) do I need to identify if NOTAMs, Weather, TFRs, Fuel, and etc impact my ability to reach my destination? 
Reference: YouTube Video Guide

Fuel Requirements: Do I have enough fuel for my flight to the destination or fuel stop with required reserves or personal limitations?
Reference: ECFR

Takeoff and Landing Distances: Based on my aircraft weight, runway surface conditions, winds, and etc. do I have enough runway based on my aircraft's performance today?
Reference: ECFR